Effect of dietary intervention with a legume-based food product on malondialdehyde levels, HOMA index, and lipid profile. / Efecto de una intervención dietética con un producto alimenticio a base de leguminosas sobre los niveles de malondialdehído, índice HOMA y perfil de lípidos.

INTRODUCTION: Prevalence of overweight and obesity, a condition that promotes development of chronic degenerative diseases, has increased in Mexico in recent years. Implementation of strategies to increase daily consumption of vegetables, legumes, whole grain cereals, and fruits by the population will result in an adequate intake of soluble fiber, antioxidants, protein of vegetable origin, and vitamins. OBJECTIVE: To assess the effect of a commercial food product prepared using 6 legumes on some anthropometric and biochemical parameters in apparently healthy subjects. METHODS: A randomized dietary intervention trial where subjects in the study group received for three months 15g of the product, administered daily in periods of five days with two days of rest. Before and after intervention, anthropometric and dietary assessments were performed, and serum glucose, lipid profile, insulin, ultrasensitive C-reactive protein, malondialdehyde (MDA) and insulin resistance (HOMA index) were measured. A Mann-Whitney U test was used and values of P<0.05 were considered statistically significant. RESULTS: Sixty university students were included in the study (53% males). At the end of the intervention, decreases were seen in serum glucose levels (P=0.001), MDA (P=0.001) and HOMA index (P=0.017), but there were no significant changes in all other parameters. CONCLUSIONS: Daily intake of 15g of the legume-based food product improved serum glucose and malondialdehyde levels in the study group, as well as insulin resistance; which could be attributed to the presence of polyphenols and isoflavones such as genistein in legumes.

VIH, dislipidemias y perspectivas de su evolución / HIV, dyslipidemias and perspectives of its evolution

Resumen Con el advenimiento de la terapia antirretroviral (ART), la infección por el virus de inmunodeficiencia humana (VIH) se ha convertido en una enfermedad crónica con complicaciones metabólicas importantes más acentuadas que en la población general. Mientras no se tenga una vacuna que erradique las tasas de infección y no exista una cura para esta pandemia, se debe ser más incisivo en el controlar las comorbilidades, entre las que destacan las alteraciones en el perfil de lípidos pues aumentan el riesgo cardiovascular.

Abstract With the advent of antiretroviral therapy (ART), infection with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) has become a chronic disease with major metabolic complications more pronounced than in the general population. While there is no vaccine to eradicate infection rates and there is no cure for this pandemic, it should be more incisive in controlling comorbidities, among which alterations in the lipid profile stand out as they increase cardiovascular risk.

Avaliação do perfil lipídico e socioeconômico em mulheres climatéricas da zona norte de Teresina / Evaluation of lipid and socioeconomic profile in climacteric women of the northern area of ​​Teresina

O estudo descreveu, caracterizou e estimou a variabilidade do perfil lipídico e socioeconômico de mulheres climatéricas. Trata-se de uma pesquisa documental, descritiva exploratória, quantitativa, aprovada no CEP da FACID, protocolo nº 393/09. A população foi de 201 mulheres com idade média de 50,94±5,46 anos, com valor médio de CT (207,0±44,78 mg/dL). Quanto ao HDL-C a média foi de 47,2±11,60 mg/dL, LDL-C (130,4±45,51 mg/dL) e TG (151,9±75,59 mg/dL). Concluiu-se que o perfil lipídico achado indicou valores desejáveis à saúde, com relação à Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia - SBC e a outros estudos.(AU)

The study described, characterized and estimated the variability in lipid profile and socioeconomic status in climateric women. This is documentary research, exploratory and descriptive quantitative and approved the CEP FACID, Protocol N. 393-09. The Population was 201 women who had a mean age of 50.94 ± 5.46 years, with a mean total cholesterol (207.0±44.78 mg/dL). Concerning HDL-C mean of 47.2±11.60 mg/dL, LDL-C (130.4±45.51 mg/dL) and TG (151.9±75.59 mg/dL). It was concluded that the lipid profile found desirable values indicated health when compared to reference the Brazilian Society of Cardiology - BSC and other studies.

El estúdio describe, caracteriza y se estimo la variabilidad em El perfil lipídico y El nível socioeconômico em mujeres climatéricas. Esta ES uma investigación documental, exploratório y descriptivo, cuantitativo y aprobó el protocolo del PAC FACID, nº 393/09. La población era de 201 mujeres que tenían uma edad media de 50,94 ±5,46 años, com uma media de colesterol total (207,0±44,78 mg/dL). Em cuanto el HDL-C media de 47,2±11,60 mg/dL, LDL-C(130,4± 45,51 mg/dL) y TG (151,9 ±75,59 mg/dL). Se concluye que el perfil de lípidos que se encuentram los valores deseables de salud indicados em comparación com la referencia del Sociedad Brasileña de Cardiología - SBC y otros estudios.

Límites de referencia de las concentraciones de lípidos en embarazos no complicados / Reference limits for lipids during pregnancy without complications

Resumen OBJETIVO: Definir los límites de referencia de las concentraciones de lípidos en gestaciones no complicadas. MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS: Estudio observacional, retrospectivo y analítico efectuado en pacientes embarazadas sanas atendidas en el servicio de Obstetricia del Hospital Churruca-Visca de Buenos Aires, Argentina. Criterios de inclusión: pacientes embarazadas con edad entre 14 y 43 años. Criterios de exclusión: pacientes en tratamiento farmacológico que pudiera afectar el metabolismo lipídico o tener complicaciones obstétricas o neonatales. RESULTADOS: Se estudiaron 163 embarazadas con edad promedio de 27.2 ± 6.5 años, que se categorizaron en cuatro grupos. En el primer trimestre el colesterol no HDL fue significativamente diferente entre las cuatro categorías de IMC (p < 0.05). En el segundo trimestre se encontraron iguales resultados para colesterol no HDL y LDL (p < 0.05) mientras que las concentraciones de triglicéridos fueron significativamente diferentes de acuerdo con las cinco categorías de edad (p < 0.05). En el tercer trimestre no se encontraron diferencias en las concentraciones de lípidos por edad ni por IMC. Tampoco se obtuvieron diferencias por ganancia de peso (menos o más de 10 kg). CONCLUSIONES: Las concentraciones de lípidos y lipoproteínas se incrementaron a lo largo del embarazo. No hubo diferencia significativa entre mujeres con bajo y peso normal versus sobrepeso-obesidad. Es necesario reunir más información de valores de referencia de lípidos y lipoproteínas para poder definir el estado de dislipidemia en las embarazadas.

Abstract OBJECTIVE: To define the reference limits of lipid concentrations in uncomplicated gestations. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Observational, retrospective and analytical study carried out in healthy pregnant patients treated in the obstetrics service of the Churruca-Visca Hospital. Inclusion criteria: being pregnant and between 14 and 43 years of age. Exclusion criteria: being in pharmacological treatment that could affect lipid metabolism or have obstetric or neonatal complications. RESULTS: 163 pregnant women were studied with an average age of 27.2 ± 6.5 years, which was categorized into four groups. In the first trimester non-HDL cholesterol was significantly different among the four categories of BMI (p <0.05). In the second quarter, the same results were found for non-HDL and LDL cholesterol (p <0.05), while triglyceride concentrations were significantly different according to the five age categories (p <0.05). In the third quarter there were no differences in lipid concentrations by age or BMI. Nor were differences obtained by weight gain (less or more than 10 kg). CONCLUSIONS: Lipid and lipoprotein concentrations increased during pregnancy. There was no significant difference between women with low and normal weight versus overweight-obesity. It is necessary to gather more information on reference values of lipids and lipoproteins in order to define the state of dyslipidemia in pregnant women.

Avaliação do perfil lipídico e socioeconômico em mulheres climatéricas da zona norte de Teresina / Lipid profile and socioeconomic evaluation in climacteric women of northern Teresina

O estudo descreveu, caracterizou e estimou a variabilidade do perfil lipídico e socioeconômico de mulheres climatéricas. Trata-se de uma pesquisa documental, descritiva exploratória, quantitativa, aprovada no CEP da FACID, protocolo n° 393/09. A população foi de 201 mulheres com idade média de 50,94±5,46 anos, com valor médio de CT (207,0±44, 78 mgldL). Quanto ao HDL-C a média foi de 47,2± 11,60 mg/dL, LDL-C (130,4±45,51 mg/dL) e TG (151 ,9±75,59 mg/dL). Concluiu-se que o perfillipídico achado indicou valores desejáveis à saúde, com relação à Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia - SBC e a outros estudos...

The study described, characterized and estimated the variability in lipid profile and socioeconomic status in climateric women. This is documentary research, exploratory and descriptive quantitative and approved the CEP FACID, Protocol N. 393-09. The Population was 201 women who had a mean age of 50.94 ± 5.46 years, with a mean total cholesterol (2070±44.78 mgldL). Concerning HDL-C mean of 47.2± 11.60 mg/dL, LDL-C (130.4±45.51 mg/dL) and TG (151.9± 75.59 mg/dL). It was concluded that the lipid profile found desirable values indicated health when compared to reference the Brazilian Society of Cardiology - BSC and other studies...(AU)

El estúdio describe, caracteriza y se estimo la variabilidad em El perfil lipídico y El nível socioeconômico em mujeres climatéricas. Esta ES uma investigación documental, exploratório y descriptivo, cuantitativo y aprobó el protocolo del PAC FACID, n° 393/09. La población era de 201 mujeres que tenían uma edad media de 50,94 ±5,46 anos, com uma media de colesterol total (207,0±44,78 mg/dL). Em cuanto el HDL-C media de 47,2± 11,60 mg/dL, LDL-C(130,4± 45,51 mg/dL) y TG (151,9 ±75,59 mg/dL). Se concluye que el perfil de lípidos que se encuentram los valores deseables de salud indicados em comparación com la referencia del Sociedad Brasileña de Cardiología - SBC Y otros estudios...

Prevalencia de dislipidemia en los fumadores que acuden a un programa de ayuda para dejar de fumar / Prevalence of dislipidemia in smokers from a Smoking-Cessation Clinic

Introducción: El consumo de tabaco es uno de los principales factores de riesgo para enfermedades cardiovasculares. A pesar de que se conoce la relación entre el consumo de tabaco crónico y la dislipidemia, en la Clínica para Dejar de Fumar (CDF), "Dra. Carmen Gutiérrez de Velasco" del Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias (INER), Ismael Cosío Villegas, todavía no se ha descrito el perfil de lípidos y la prevalencia de las dislipidemias. Objetivo: Describir el perfil de lípidos y la prevalencia de dislipidemias en fumadores que acuden a la CDF. Métodos: Se revisaron 700 expedientes consecutivos de los fumadores que acudieron a la clínica CDF durante el periodo de tres años que comprendió de enero de 2003 a diciembre de 2005. Se investigó la prevalencia del perfil de lípidos aterógeno (PLA), definido como colesterol total y triglicéridos elevados y HDL-colesterol bajo, y la prevalencia de cada componente de PLA. Se estudió la diferencia del perfil de lípidos por género y por número de cigarrillos (cig) consumidos al día. Resultados: La prevalencia de PLA, hipercolesterolemia, hipertríglicerídemia y HDL-colesterol bajo fue de 21, 50, 56y 55%, respectivamente. El promedio de colesterol total, de tríglicéridos y HDL-colesterol fue de 204 ± 44 mg/dL, 208 ± 155 mg/dL y 46 ± 14 mg/dL, respectivamente. Los niveles de tríglicéridos se encontraron más altos y HDL más bajos en los que fumaban más de 20 cig/día en comparación con los que fumaban menos de 20 cig/día (225 ± 162 mg/dL vs 185 ± 134 mg/dL, p = 0.02; 44.2 ± 12 mg/dL vs 48 ± 14 mg/dL, p < 0.001, respectivamente). Las mujeres tuvieron niveles más altos de HDL en comparación con los hombres (51 ± 14 mg/dL vs 40.3 ± 11 mg/dL, p < 0.001). Conclusiones: La prevalencia alta de PLA en la población fumadora de nuestra CDF la hace muy vulnerable de presentar ateroesclerosis prematura. Este estudio resalta la importancia de la búsqueda de alteraciones lipfdicas en fumadores.

Background: Tobacco smoking is one of the major modifiable cardiovascular risk factors. The relationship between smoking and lipid disorders has been studied; however, its prevalence among smokers from our Smoking Cessation Clinic (SCC) "Dra. Carmen Gutiérrez de Velasco " at the Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas is unknown. Objective: To describe the lipid profile of smokers at our SCC and its prevalence in this population. Methods: 700 medical records from patients admitted to the clinic during a three- year period from 2003 to 2005 were studied. We analyzed the prevalence of their atherogenic lipid profile defined as high serum total cholesterol and triglycerides and low HDL-cholesterol. In addition, we studied the prevalence of each component of the lipid profile, according to a gender and a number of cigarettes (cig) smoked per day. Results: The prevalence of atherogenic lipid profile, hypercholesterolemia, hypertriglyceridemia and low HDL-cholesterol was 21%, 50% 56% and 55%, respectively. Their total serum cholesterol and triglycerides levels were high and HDL-cholesterol was low (CT 204 ± 44 mg/dL, TG 208 ± 155 mg/dL, HDL 46 ± 14 mg/dL). Those who smoked more than 20 cig/day had higher triglycerides and lower HDL-cholesterol than those smoking less than 20 cig/day (225 ± 162 mg/dL vs 185 ± 134 mg/dL, p = 0.02 and 44.2 ± 12 mg/dL vs 48 ± 14 mg/dL, p<0.001, respectively). Women had higher HDL-cholesterol than men (51 ± 14 mg/dL vs 40.3 ± 11 mg/dL, p < 0.001). Conclusion: The high prevalence of an atherogenic lipid profile in smokers makes them prone to develop premature atherosclerosis. This study underscores the importance of lipid disorders research in smokers.